Colonoscopy

What is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows your doctor to look inside your large intestine (colon) using a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light at the end. This test helps find problems in the colon and rectum, often before they become serious. Think of it as a “check-up” for your digestive system.

Why You Might Need One

There are several reasons your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy:

  • Routine Screening: To check for early signs of colon cancer, usually starting at age 45.

  • Family History: If close relatives have had colon cancer or advanced polyps, screening may start earlier.

  • Symptoms: Ongoing abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss.

  • Follow-Up: If you’ve had colon polyps before, your doctor may want to make sure they don’t return.

What is a polyp?
A polyp is a small growth on the lining of the colon. While many are harmless, some can turn into cancer over time. Removing them early prevents problems later.

What is a polypectomy?
If polyps are found during your colonoscopy, the doctor can remove them right away in a simple process called a polypectomy — no extra surgery required.

Preparing for the Procedure

Preparation, or “prep,” is key to a successful colonoscopy.

  • You’ll be asked to follow a clear-liquid diet the day before.

  • A prescribed bowel prep solution will clean out your colon so the doctor has a clear view.

  • You’ll get detailed instructions to follow carefully — this step is just as important as the procedure itself.

What to Expect During the Procedure

You’ll receive sedation so you’re relaxed and comfortable.

  • The doctor gently guides the scope through your colon while viewing live video on a screen.

  • If any polyps or suspicious areas are found, they can be removed or sampled right away.

  • The whole test usually takes 30–60 minutes.

After Your Colonoscopy

You’ll rest until the sedation wears off, then go home the same day.

  • A friend or family member will need to drive you.

  • Mild cramping or bloating can happen but usually goes away quickly.

  • Your doctor will discuss any findings and let you know when you’ll hear about lab results (if biopsies were taken).

Learn More

Watch the 3D animation below for a clear, step-by-step look at the colonoscopy process.